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BFBenjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin

Life dates: 1706 AD — 1790 AD

Printer, writer, experimenter and diplomat whose retrospective account of learning and habits sits beside concise practical maxims. Read the memoir and anthology selections as different kinds of writing.

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Life and writing

Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790) began in printing and developed interests in experimentation and public affairs. His work included publishing Poor Richard’s Almanack and serving as a diplomat in France during the American Revolution. This range matters when reading a short attributed sentence: a practical maxim, a personal recollection and a public argument serve different purposes.

The linked Autobiography recounts learning and practical undertakings in a retrospective voice. In its continuation begun at Passy in 1784, Franklin describes a project of repeated self-examination, interruptions and difficulty with Order. Read the reported improvements alongside those limits. The selected anthology maxims below carry a Poor Richard’s Almanac reference; linking the memoir does not claim that these selections occur in it.

Reading this voice

Begin with the memoir’s account of changing a habit and notice how experience complicates the proposed method. Compare a maxim’s compact advice with that longer account rather than expecting either to guarantee success. Bartlett supplies a Poor Richard’s Almanac reference for the selected sayings; that historical citation is not independent manuscript authentication, and the linked Autobiography is a separate reading edition. The archive’s approximate 1748 coordinate is a lifetime midpoint, not the composition date of those sayings.

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Quotations and sayings

01c. 1748 AD
Slavery is such an atrocious debasement of human nature, that its very extirpation, if not performed with solicitous care, may sometimes open a source of serious evils. The unhappy man who has been treated as a brute animal, too frequently sinks beneath the common standard of the human species. The galling chains, that bind his body, do also fetter his intellectual faculties, and impair the social affections of his heart… To instruct, to advise, to qualify those, who have been restored to freedom, for the exercise and enjoyment of civil liberty… and to procure for their children an education calculated for their future situation in life; these are the great outlines of the annexed plan, which we have ad
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17c. 1748 AD
[I retained] only the Habit of expressing my self in Terms of modest Diffidence, never using when I advance any thing that may possibly be disputed, the Words 'Certainly, 'undoubtedly', or any others that I give the Air of Positiveness to an Opinion; but rather say 'I conceive', or 'I apprehend a Thing to be so or so', 'It appears to me', or 'I should think it so or so for such & such Reasons', or 'I imagine' it to be so or so, or 'it is so' if I am not mistaken.—This Habit I believe has been of great Advantage to me, when I have had occasion to inculcate my Opinions and persuade Men into Measures that I have been from time to time engag'd in promoting.—And as the chief Ends of Conversation are to inform, or to be informed, to please or to persuade, I wish well meaning sensible Men would not lessen their Power of doing Good by a Positive assuming Manner that seldom fails to disgust, tends to create Opposition, and to defeat every one of those purposes for which Speech was given to us, to wit, giving or receiving Information or Pleasure: For if you would inform, a positive dogmatical Manner in advancing your Sentiments, may provoke Contradiction & prevent a candid Attention.
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