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our moral reasoning is plagued by two illusions. The first illusion can be called the wag-the-dog illusion: We believe that our own moral judgment (the dog) is driven by our own moral reasoning (the tail). The second illusion can be called the wag-theother-dog's-tail illusion: In a moral argument, we expect the successful rebuttal of an opponent's arguments to change the opponent's mind. Such a belief is like thinking that forcing a dog's tail to wag by moving it with your hand will make the dog happy.

our moral reasoning is plagued by two illusions. The first illusion can be called the wag-the-dog illusion: We believe that our own moral judgment (the dog) is driven by our own moral reasoning (the tail). The second illusion can be called the wag-theother-dog's-tail illusion: In a moral argument, we expect the successful rebuttal of an opponent's arguments to change the opponent's mind. Such a belief is like thinking that forcing a dog's tail to wag by moving it with your hand will make the dog happy.

Approximate author period: c. 1967 AD · modern

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Attribution & collection notes
Author or tradition
Sam Harris
Attribution: attributed
Country attributed
Not established
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Historical period
Approximate author period: c. 1967 AD · modern
Approximate author-period anchor from documented birth year 1967; activity date not established; Wikidata Q296047, https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q296047 (accessed 2026-10-08). Not a quotation composition date.
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Supplied reference C; CSV row 247043; supplied attribution, independently unverified

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