Adversity is the first path to truth.

Meaning: Being truthful often protects trust and avoids the complications of maintaining a deception. Honest conduct can support lasting relationships even when admitting the truth is uncomfortable.

Meaning: A person who is not present can become an easy target for blame because they cannot explain or challenge the account. Be cautious about judgements made without hearing them.

Meaning: Coming close to an act is different from completing it. The saying draws a sharp line between almost and actually, but it should not excuse attempts, dangerous conduct or the consequences of a near miss.

Meaning: A request made at a higher level leaves room to reduce it later. The saying describes flexibility in an opening demand, while its advice needs limits: an inflated request can undermine trust or ignore what the other person can reasonably offer.