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MTMark Twain

Mark Twain

Life dates: 1835 AD — 1910 AD

Huck’s own narration exposes conflicts between learned rules and lived friendship. Read his complaint about the widow beside his struggle over helping Jim, keeping the boy’s voice distinct from a direct instruction by Twain.

▷ Play this voiceSearch these words ↗Place in time ↗lovelifefriendshipdeathtimefaithjusticeknowledge

Life and writing

The catalogue identifies Mark Twain with lifetime years 1835–1910, credits E. W. Kemble as illustrator and David Widger for the electronic text. The checked English edition presents Huck’s first-person narration with distinctive grammar. That wording remains unchanged in the archive. Its HTML ISBN identifies this digital edition; a print publisher and passage composition dates are not established by the catalogue’s electronic release or update dates.

In Chapter I, Huck complains that the widow rejects smoking while taking snuff herself. His account reveals a perceived inconsistency; it does not establish a health claim about tobacco. In Chapter XXXI, he struggles with a racist teaching that helping Jim escape enslavement is sinful, and finds that his attempted prayer does not express his actual intention. Both selected extracts match the checked text under limited normalization. The ethical conflict needs its surrounding narrative, rather than a detached religious rule attributed directly to Twain.

Reading this voice

Read Huck’s account in Chapter I and his decision in Chapter XXXI with the surrounding action. Attend to who has taught the rules he repeats and what his friendship with Jim makes him question. The historical text contains racist language; its narrative context remains essential.

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Quotations and sayings

04c. 1872 AD
Man is the Reasoning Animal. Such is the claim. I think it is open to dispute. Indeed, my experiments have proven to me that he is the Unreasoning Animal... In truth, man is incurably foolish. Simple things which other animals easily learn, he is incapable of learning. Among my experiments was this. In an hour I taught a cat and a dog to be friends. I put them in a cage. In another hour I taught them to be friends with a rabbit. In the course of two days I was able to add a fox, a goose, a squirrel and some doves. Finally a monkey. They lived together in peace; even affectionately.Next, in another cage I confined an Irish Catholic from Tipperary, and as soon as he seemed tame I added a Scotch Presbyterian from Aberdeen. Next a Turk from Constantinople; a Greek Christian from Crete; an Armenian; a Methodist from the wilds of Arkansas; a Buddhist from China; a Brahman from Benares. Finally, a Salvation Army Colonel from Wapping. Then I stayed away for two whole days. When I came back to note results, the cage of Higher Animals was all right, but in the other there was but a chaos of gory odds and ends of turbans and fezzes and plaids and bones and flesh--not a specimen left alive. These Reasoning Animals had disagreed on a theological detail and carried the matter to a Higher Court.
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07c. 1872 AD
Man is a Religious Animal. He is the only Religious Animal. He is the only animal that has the True Religion--several of them. He is the only animal that loves his neighbor as himself and cuts his throat if his theology isn't straight. He has made a graveyard of the globe in trying his honest best to smooth his brother's path to happiness and heaven....The higher animals have no religion. And we are told that they are going to be left out in the Hereafter. I wonder why? It seems questionable taste.
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